The Newsletter of The Italian Club of St. Louis
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Luisa Gabbiani Flynn
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May 2002

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IC Student Award Winners
Italian Ambassador visits St. Louis
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La Rondine

Volume 6 - Issue 5
Visit our website at www.italystl.com/italianclub
May 2002

MAY MEETING
  
ORAZIO AND ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI

   On June 14, the Saint Louis Art Museum opens the exhibition, Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi: Father and Daughter Painters in Baroque Italy, which brings together 65 paintings by Orazio (1573-1639) and Artemisia (1593-1652/53).  Judith Mann, Curator of Early European Art at the Saint Louis Art Museum and one of the two organizers of this exhibition, will give a slide presentation of works from the exhibition.

   Both artists came under the influence of the Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, whose revolutionary style of bold naturalism had a profound impact on early 17th-century art.  Orazio trained his daughter, and her early works show the influence of the father 

   In 1611, Artemisia was raped by Agostino Tassi, a colleague of her father; a trial ensued during which Tassi was found guilty and exiled from Rome.  After the trial, Artemisia and her father parted ways and lived apart for the next 25 years.  Near the end of Orazio's life, when he was working at the court of King Charles I of England, Artemisia traveled to London and was there for an undetermined amount of time.  After Orazio died in 1639, she returned to Naples and spent the final period of her life there.

   Dr. Mann will give an overview of the lives of these two fascinating baroque painters, whose works embody some of the salient stylistic trends of seventeenth-century art, including baroque dynamism, refined classicism, and extreme naturalism. 
 

Next Meeting Wednesday, May 15, 2002 
Cocktails 6:30 PM - Dinner 7:00 PM 
 Da Baldo's Restaurant
RSVP Marie Wehrle
(314) 544-8899
or by email

RECAP OF MARCH MEETING
  
GALILEO AND THE HOLY INQUISITION

   Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was the foremost scientist of his day.  He was described in his own time by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando de Medici, as “the greatest light of our time,” later he was indirectly praised by Isaac Newton with the statement that he (Newton) accomplished what he did “because he “stood on the shoulders of giants,” and, more recently, was pronounced by Albert Einstein “the father of modern physics.”  The April speaker, however, Dr. Salvatore Sutera, himself a distinguished professor of engineering, chose not to focus on Galileo the scientist, but rather on Galileo the defendant in the famous trial for the crime of heresy before the Church’s Holy Office of the Inquisition. 

   In 1630, Galileo published his Dialogue on Two Chief World Systems:  Ptolemaic and Copernican, a dissertation on the two rival theories of cosmology.  Based on his research using the telescope he himself had built, Galileo defended the Copernican theory that the Sun is the center of the solar system over the theory developed by Ptolemy and based on Aristotle that the earth was the center of the universe.  Galileo’s enemies in Rome argued that this was scandalous and heretical because it contradicted the Bible.  The Pope was pressured to react, the book was banned in 1632, and Galileo was summoned to Rome to stand trial.  Sixty-eight years old and seriously ill, Galileo made out his will and left for Rome in January 1633. 

   His interrogation began on April 12, 1633 during which Galileo claimed he did not defend the Copernican theory.  On April 30, at his second formal hearing, Galileo admitted to errors of vainglorious ambition and ignorance.  On May 10 he presented a formal written defense.  In his final interrogation, on June 21, he denied Copernicus, confessed his “error”, pleaded for mercy, and signed a handwritten confession.  Convicted of heinous crimes, his sentence to formal imprisonment was pronounced at the Tuscan embassy on June 22, 1634.  The famous, but unproven, legend persists that after sentencing he was heard to mutter, “eppur si muove” (“and yet it moves”). 

   The Pope denied a request for pardon but allowed Galileo to spend the first 5 months of imprisonment in custody of the archbishop of Siena.  He passed the balance of his sentence in house arrest in the town of Arcetri, near Florence where he died January 8, 1642. 

   Galileo’s Dialogue remained on the Index of Prohibited Books until 1835.  In 1979, Pope John Paul II called for a re-examination of the Galileo case and in 1992 he publicly endorsed Galileo’s philosophy. 

   Dr. Sutera based his presentation on the 1999 book Galileo’s Daughter by Dava Sobel, itself based on 124 letters written by Galileo’s oldest daughter, Suor Maria Celeste, a cloistered nun of the Order of the Poor Clares in the convent of San Matteo in Arcetri, to her famous father during the time of his clash with the Church.  These letters give a great insight into the nature and personality of Galileo and into the relationship between father and daughter.  Only the daughter’s letters are extant.  Galileo’s letters to her were destroyed by the Mother Abbess of Suor Maria Celeste’s convent after her death in 1634. 

   In all, Galileo had three children with Marina Gamba:  Virginia (1600-1634) who became Suor M. Celeste; Livia, (1601-1649), who also entered the convent of San Matteo, taking the name Suor Arcangela; and Vincenzio (1606-1649).  All were illegitimate; however Vincenzio was legitimatised in 1619 by order of Ferdinando, Grand Duke of Tuscany. 

   Salvatore P. Sutera, Ph.D. is the Spencer T. Olin Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Washington University and a member of the Italian Club.
 



  
 

 

L’ANGOLO DEL PRESIDENTE

By Gene Mariani

 
WELCOME NEW MEMBERS

We are pleased to extend a warm welcome to Jeanine Anne Cicenia, who was elected a member of the Club at our April meeting.  Jeanine’s family origins are from the Regions of Campania and Sicilia.  Benvenuta, Jeanine. 
 

 

MRS. BETTY LANGE

On behalf of the Italian Club, we wish to extend our sympathy and condolences to member Raymond Lange on the death of his wife, Betty Lange on April 18. 

 
 

ITALIAN HERITAGE AWARD
Annually, at its June meeting, the Club presents its Italian Heritage Award to an individual who has distinguished him or herself through unselfish community service.  Members who would like to nominate someone for the award should submit their nominations to Club Secretary Marie Cuccia-Brand either by email at mcucciasbj@aol.com or by phone at 314-993-2252.  Please include a brief explanation giving the reasons why you think the person should receive the award.



 
 
 
 
 

 


ANNOUNCEMENTS
 
  
CONGRATULATIONS, FATHER BENEDICT


On April 28, 2002, the Degree of Master of Sacred Theology was conferred on Father Benedict Thomas Viviano, O.P., M.A., Ph.D., S.S.L.  This is the highest honor the Dominican Order confers on brothers outstanding in teaching,  research, and writing.  Father Viviano, a frequent speaker at both the Italian Club and Italiano per piacere meetings, is the brother of member Patty Viviano and nephew of member Orsoline Chiappetta.  Congratulazioni, caro Padre Viviano. 
 

 


 
ITALIAN CLUB STUDENT AWARD WINNERS


WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY

Congratulations to Washington University Italian language students Anna Swank and Kathryn Henderson on being named recipients of the Club’s Frank LoPiccolo and Mario Pertici Memorial Award and the matching Southwest Bank Fred Giacoma Memorial Award.  Thanks also to Professor John Garganigo, Director of the WU Italian Language Summer Program at Arezzo. 

SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY – EDWARDSVILLE

Congratulations to SIU-E student, Tina Noto, on receiving the Distinguished Student in Italian Language Honors Day Award, which was presented April 21, 2002 at the SIU-E campus.  Congratulations also to Dott. Patrizia Bittini, Director of Italian Studies at SIU-E. 
 



 
ITALIAN AMBASSADOR TO VISIT ST. LOUIS 

Ferdinando Salleo, Ambassador of Italy to the United States, will speak on NATO, Italy, and the United States on Thursday, May 16, at 4:30 p.m. at the Carlo Auditorium of St. Louis University’s Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Boulevard.  There will be a reception following at 5:30 p.m.  Italian Club members and friends are invited.  RSVP 314-259-6609. 
 

 


 
MEMBERSHIP LISTS

Updated membership lists will be available at the May and June meetings.  If you would like to receive a copy via e-mail, please notify Marie Cuccia-Brand at mcucciasbj@aol.com.
 

Notes from Italy
(Submitted by Barbara Klein)
  
NEWLY APPOINTED AMBASSADOR TO ITALY

Mr. Mel Sembler was appointed ambassador to Italy by President Bush on November 16, 2001.  He replaces Thomas Foglietta and becomes the thirty-fifth American Ambassador to Italy since 1861.  Mr. Sembler, who is originally from Florida, was previously the American Ambassador to Australia.  He is joined in Rome by his wife Betty, while their children and grandchildren remain in the States, including a granddaughter who attends Washington University.

Ambassador Sembler is also a successful businessman and president of Sembler Company, a developer of shopping centers in the Southeast:  At a January 27, 2002, dinner sponsored by the American Chamber of Commerce in Milan, he stressed the importance of strengthening business ties between Italy and the USA. 

The following day, he was guest of honor at a ceremony to rename the piazza in front of the U.S. Embassy in Milan to “Piazza Stati Uniti d’America.”  Milan’s mayor Gabriele Albertini stated that the renaming was in memory of the victims of September 11 and a sign of solidarity between the two nations.
 


 

 
 


 
The Italian Club of St. Louis

President:  Gene Mariani  EMariani@aol.com
Vice-President: James Tognoni JTognoni7@aol.com
Treasurer:  Barbara Klein 
Dan Viele
Barbara201@aol.com
Secretary:  Marie Cuccia-Brand  Mcucciasbj@aol.com
Directors: Carol Lozano 
Vito Tamboli  vtamboli@frewwweb.com
Gloria DiMartino Etling  gloandcho@hotmail.com
Program Committee: Gene Mariani  EMariani@aol.com
Tony Perrone  perrone@lindenwood.edu
Pete Puleo  papuleo@prodigy.net
Vito Tamboli vtamboli@frewwweb.com
Patty Viviano  pattyt@hntlgh.com
Newsletter:  Luisa Gabbiani Flynn  danisa2@earthlink.net
Website: Franco Giannotti  francog@venmar.com




 

 
 


 
I capolavori della poesia italiana

45. Aldo Palazzeschi (Firenze 1885 – Roma 1974) iniziò la sua carriera come poeta crepuscolare.  Più tardi aderì al Futurismo, ma poi si allontanò anche da questo movimento.  E’ autori di romanzi, tra cui Il codice di Perelà (1911) e Le Sorelle Materassi (1934).  Chi sono?  fa parte della raccolta intitolata Poemi. 

Chi sono?
di Aldo Palazzeschi

Sono forse un poeta?
No, certo.
Non scrive che una parola, ben strana,
la penna dell’anima mia:
“follìa”.
Son dunque un pittore?
Neanche.
Non ha che un colore
la tavolozza dell’anima mia:
“malinconìa”.
Un musico allora?
Nemmeno.
Non c’è che una nota
nella tastiera dell’anima mia:
“nostalgìa”.
Son dunque …che cosa?
Io metto una lente
davanti al mio cuore
per farlo vedere alla gente.
Chi sono?
Il saltimbanco dell’anima mia.
 

LA STORIA D’ITALIA
 
(Continua dal numero precedente)

34.  Macrino (164 - 218)  (Imperatore 217 - 218). 
Macrino era nato in Cesarea, una regione dell’Africa, da famiglia equestre.  A Roma si era distinto come amministratore e legislatore, ma fu il primo a non ricoprire la carica di console prima di diventare imperatore. 

Dopo la morte di Caracalla i soldati offrirono l'impero a Oclatinio Avvento, uno dei due prefetti del pretorio; ma Oclatinio rifiutò dicendo che era troppo vecchio per la carica.  Macrino, che i soldati non sapevano fosse stato l’organizzatore della congiura, fu così abile nel simulare il suo dolore per la fine di Caracalla che, dopo tre giorni, venne acclamato imperatore.  I senatori, privi di alternative, dovettero accettare la scelta.  Per ingraziarseli, Macrino annullò condanne, punì i favoriti del suo predecessore e ridusse le imposte, mentre per ingraziare i soldati deificò l’imperatore che aveva assassinato.  Ma Macrino non era esperto nell’arte militare e subì tre umilianti sconfitte da parte di Artabano V, re dei Parti, degli Armeni e dei Daci, suscitando il malcontento nelle truppe.  Inoltre, per ristabilire il tesoro pubblico che Caracalla aveva sperperato dando continui aumenti di paga ai soldati, ridusse lo stipendio delle reclute provocandone il malcontento. 

Di questa situazione approfittò Mesa, sorella di Giulia Domna, che dopo la morte del cognato Caracalla era stata mandata in esilio ad Emesa, in Antiochia con le due figlie, Soemide a Mammea, ambedue vedove e ciascuna con un giovane figlio:  il figlio di Mammea, Alessiano, aveva 12 anni; il figlio di Soemide, Vario Avito, aveva 14 anni ed era sacerdote di El-Gabal (Eliogabalo, il dio Sole), il cui sacerdozio era ereditario nella famiglia di Domna Giulia e di Mesa.  La città di Emesa era famosa per il ricchissimo tempio dedicato a El Gabal che conteneva un oggetto sacro, una pietra nera di forma conica.  Approfittando della strana somiglianza di Vario Avito a Caracalla, Domna Giulia e Mesa convinsero i legionari ad acclamarlo imperatore, con l’aiuto di una generosa elargizione di denaro presa dal tempio. 

Macrino cercò di spegnere la rivolta inviando il prefetto Ulpio Giuliano a combattere contro la legione accampata a Emesa e, quando questi non riuscì nell’intento, proclamò Augusto il figlio Diadumeniano, che aveva soltanto nove anni.  Ma anche questo strattagemma fallì e Macrino dovette ritirarsi ad Antiochia, dove, abbandonato dalle sue truppe, fu ucciso insieme al figlio. 

35. Eliogabalo (204 – 222)  (Imperatore 218 –222).  Nell’anno 218 il giovane Vario Avito, che passò alla storia col nome di Eliogabalo, fu proclamato imperatore.  La madre Soemide e la nonna Mesa furono proclamate Auguste.  A Roma il giovane imperatore si circondò di una corte siriaca e iniziò il culto di El-Gabal, mentre l’impero stava nelle mani di Soemide e di Mesa.  Benché sembri che nel breve periodo del suo impero Eliogabalo abbia avuto ben cinque mogli affibbiategli dalla madre, le sue che sia Eliogabolo che sua madre, la quale incoraggiava il suo comportamento, dovevano andarsene, e cominciò ad appoggiare il nipote Alessiano, figlio di Mammea.  Mesa e Mammea convinsero Eliogabalo di adottare il cugino Alessiano e di dargli il titolo di Cesare con il nuovo nome di Marco Aurelio Alessandro

Più tardi Eliogabalo cambiò idea e cercò di deporre Alessandro, ma le guardie pretorie si ribellarono e uccisero sia lui che sua madre, dopo di che trascinarono i loro corpi per le vie di Roma e li gettarono nel Tevere.
 

(continua al prossimo numero)